Frequently Asked Question

Are all kidney stones alike and how do they look like ?

No. Kidney Stones are not alike however basically there are four major types of kidney stones.

The most common type of stone contains calcium. Calcium is a normal part of a healthy diet. 
Calcium that is not used by the bones and muscles goes to the kidneys. In most people, the kidneys flush out the extra calcium with the rest of the urine. People who have calcium stones keep the calcium in their kidneys.

  • The calcium that stays behind joins with other waste products to form a stone.
  • A struvite stone may form after an infection in the urinary system. These stones contain the mineral magnesium and     the waste product ammonia.
  • A uric acid stone may form when there is too much acid in the urine. If you tend to form uric acid stones, you may need to cut back on the amount of meat you eat.
  • Cystine stones are rare. Cystine is one of the building blocks that make up muscles, nerves, and other parts of the body.
  • Cystine can build up in the urine to form a stone. The disease that causes cystine stones runs in families.

 

Image of Kidney Stone Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate - 97%, protien and blood - 3%
Image of Kidney Stone

Calcium Oxalate (Monohydrate form - 10%, Dihydrate form 59%), Calcium Phosphate (Carbonate form - 7%, Hydroxyl form - 21%), Protien and blood - 3%

Image of Kidney Stone

(Gallstone)- Cholesterol - 96%, Calcium Bilirubinate - 2%,

Mixed Bile Pigments - 2%

Image of Kidney Stone Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate - 98%, protien - 2%
Image of Kidney Stone Uric Acid Dihydrate -100% (crystalluria)
Image of Kidney Stone Calcium Carbonate (calcite variety) CaCO3 (crystalluria)
Image of Kidney Stone Megnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (Struvite) (crystalluria)
Image of Kidney Stone Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate -97%, protien and blood - 3%
Image of Kidney Stone

Calcium Oxalate (Monohydrate - 10%, Dihydrate - 88%)

Protien - 2%

 

Some interesting facts about Kidney Stones

  • Kidney stones come in virtually any color; most are yellow to brown.
  • The shape of the stones may tell something about how it was formed.
  • Most stones are formed and excreted singly.
  • Hippocrates (470/460 B.C. - 380/360 B.C.) makes reference to kidney stones int he Hippocrates Oath as follows: "I will not cut persons laboring under the stone, but will leave this to the men who are practitioners of this work."
  • Louis Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, lost the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 due wholly or in part from impaired function resulting form kidney stone formation.
  • To date over 200 components have been found in calculi, however the most common of kidney stones are:
    1. Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (Whewellite) CaC2O4
    2. Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate (Weddellite) CaC2O4-2H2O
    3. Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (Struvite) MgNH4PO4-2H2O
    4. Calcium Phosphate, Carbonate Form (Carbonate Apatite) Ca10(PO4-CO3OH)6(OH)2
    5. Calcium Phosphate, Hrdroxyl Form (Hydroxylapatite) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
    6. Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Brushite) CaHPO4-2H2O
    7. Uric Acid C5H4N4O3
    8. Cystine (SCH2CH(NH2)-COOH)2
    9. Sodium Acid Urate NaH-C5H2O3N4-H2O
    10. Tricalcium Phosphate (Whitlockite) Ca3(PO4)2
    11. Ammonium Acid Urate NH4H-C5H2O3N4-H2O
    12. Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate Trihydrate (Newberyite) MgHPO4-3H20
  •  The smallest kidney stones are microscopic crystals; it is possible to analyse stones weighing less than 0.1mg.
  • Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common genetic diseases among kidney stone patients, due to intestinal mal-absorption problem.
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These FAQs may not be considered as a medical advise. Please talk to your doctor who is the best judge of your condition. For more information Click here..